PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.